My understanding of the Chinese criminal courts is that police refer “criminals” there, and the court tries them. It literally is a situation where if the court agrees to try you, you are (except for 0.3% of the cases) guilty. At least in Japan they note that 60% of cases are declined for prosecution entirely. I don’t get the impression that happens much in China without political connections.

Also this is terrifying. China’s court AI reaches every corner of justice system, advising judges and streamlining punishment

The system, powered by machine learning technology, automatically screens court cases for references, recommends laws and regulations, drafts legal documents and alters perceived human errors, if any, in a verdict.

As required by the supreme court, a judge must consult AI on every case. If the judge rejects the machine’s recommendation, the machine demands a written explanation for records and auditing.

Verdict enforcement has long been an issue for Chinese courts which have been deemed lacking in manpower. The court’s AI addresses it by finding and seizing the property of a convict almost instantly and putting it up for online auction.

Its electronic reach allows the smart court to work with China’s powerful “social credit system” to ban a person refusing to pay a debt from using a plane, high speed train, hotels or other social services.