There’s intra-class hierarchy, which can be benign or not, and inter-class hierarchy, which the working class can wield to it’s own advantage by becoming the ruling class. It isn’t the “political class” that controls the state, but instead one of the two primary classes in any given society, the workers or owners.
The problem with this analysis is that you don’t have to own capital to control capital. So while in communist states technically a leader might not own the means of production, if they are making decisions about the uses of capital then there is little practical difference, especially when their position of authority can not be effectively challenged. Thus class just becomes a function of proximity to power and control over capital, same as capitalism.
The problem with this analysis is that you don’t have to own capital to control capital. So while in communist states technically a leader might not own the means of production, if they are making decisions about the uses of capital then there is little practical difference, especially when their position of authority can not be effectively challenged. Thus class just becomes a function of proximity to power and control over capital, same as capitalism.
How do we solve that problem?
edit: genuinely curious