Vinegar. Adding vinegar to things can brighten them up or, depending on quantity, give something a sour flavor that is needed sometimes. I experiment with all kinds of vinegar. I even use the brine from my jar of spicy pickled vegetables in my cooking or to make a salad dressing. I also like to swap it with lemon juice to see what happens. For example, I have learned that I prefer lemon juice rather than vinegar in my alioli mayonnaise I make (probably not original, but I figured it out on my own). Going in the other direction, I prefer vinegar over lemon juice for making tartar sauce. I think my vinegar discovery started when I was a little kid. In my home town, famous for its fishing, lobster trapping, and clamming, you’ll find malt vinegar on the table at any restaurant. We use it on french fries and fried fish as a condiment. When I was a small child, I dipped my french fries in ketchup, splashed them with malt vinegar, and squeezed lemon juice on them. So, I think french fries are pretty much the vehicle to my discovery of ingredients. In turn, I have a tendency of turning condiments into ingredients I think I will dip french fries in just about anything on hand, at least once or twice.

It’s basically the same for me! I’d say anchovies/fish sauce in general. My first introduction was through Thai fish sauce, which I grew up with and learned how to use in Thai cooking. Then, I started cooking with anchovies in oil and Worcestershire sauce in what I viewed as their respective cuisines. At some point I understood the similar role these ingredients played in providing the umami element needed to complete a dish, and that made me feel more confident using them in a wider variety of foods and “across” cuisines as needed. Used in the appropriate amount, they won’t overpower a dish or turn it fishy; a little bit provides so much flavor!

Anchovies! If you’re only using anchovies for pizza and putanesca you’re missing out on so much! Pop one or two of them in your tomato sauce right around when you fry the garlic before adding the tomatoes. It won’t make them taste fishy but it will give it that extra something. Smush them and put them in your glaze! In your dressing!

Also less a single ingredient and more a mindset - booze. You need to use more booze in your cooking. I don’t just mean “use more wine”, I also mean different types too. Sake in your teriyaki, beer in your beef stew, cider in your pie filling, brandy in your stroganoff, kirch in your (sweet) pie, use it! Istg so many recipes I see online omit the booze or call it optional and it hurts me so much.

Chicken. Perhaps it is less the ingredient in this case than the techniques associated.

It’s not that I didn’t each chicken, but learning to roast a whole chicken was the gateway to real day-to-day cooking for me. I’d roast a chicken on the weekend, make sandwiches or salad with leftovers, make broth with the carcass, make soup or pot pie or gravy with broth and other leftovers, etc. Before cooking was something that seemed like a special occasion but now I had something that sort of begot more food naturally.

If I had to pick a single ingredient, probably cumin or curry spice if I can be allowed to cheat. So many dishes to add that to.

Smoked Paprika! Gives anything a quick/easy smoky flavor, with just a touch of heat (not like cayenne pepper). It’s works with just about anything.

I’ve been getting into a recipe book lately that regularly suggests using the zest of a lemon/lime as well as just the juice. I can’t believe I used to throw it away! It adds a slight bitter counterbalance as well as some nice floral notes to whatever I’m preparing.

Chicken broth. I started buying the cheap bone in chicken at the grocery store. Toss the leftover bones/fat/tendons into a crock pot and toss in the vegetable bits you would have thrown away otherwise. Cook it on slow cook while you’re asleep and strain it in the morning. Now you have liquid flavour to add to rice, sauces, soups, etc., and it’s full of vitamins, too

5 spice.

That and brining poultry. A salt/sugar solution will do amazing things

Since the classics have been mentioned already (vinegar, MSG), I’ll go with tofu. It’s like a blank sheet of paper, ready for your creativity. There’s no form of cooking or kind of food that tofu doesn’t fit into. You could have crunchy tofu cubes, but you can go sweet with silken tofu. Or make a creamy sauce with way less fat. Or honestly just be lazy and crumble in raw tofu into whatever your cooking to add easy protein.

Balsamic condiment. I hadn’t realized just how much I was missing out on with more diluted balsamic vinegars. It’s a completely different experience, which is great because balsamic vinegar still has its place in my heart for things like salad dressings. I couldn’t even comprehend the balsamic + vanilla ice cream people until I’d splurged (slightly) on a mid grade balsamic condiment.

Schezuan peppercorns. I’ve had the same packet for years because it takes so little to add a very unique, peppery numbness to any Asian dish. Literally grind up a pinch in a mortar and pestle with some msg and put it in any Asian cuisine to elevate all the other flavors dramatically

Fresh lemon juice / zest. Just wow.

Ghost pepper flakes, finally I can make things properly spicy without using a ton of really expensive hot sauce.

Not an ingredient, per se, but for me the game changer was the flavor compounds from the Maillard reaction. Good browning is what makes some soups and sauces and meats and vegetables taste better than others. Regular supermarket cauliflower or broccoli or zucchini or ground beef or roast chicken taste way better just from proper temperature and moisture control (boiling water tops out at 212°F/100°C so the presence of liquid water tends to keep temperatures too low for Maillard reaction to happen). It’s why grilling tends to taste better than, like, boiling, for many dishes.

Tofu! I never got a chance to try it growing up, but when I started reducing my meat I decided to give it a try. It is possibly the most versatile ingredient in my kitchen, and by far the easiest way to get protein.

You can whip up a tofu scramble, throw it in smoothies/shakes, cube it and toss it in soup, fry it and serve with sauce over veggies, bake it with an herb coating to toss with pasta, even bread it to make katsu sandwiches! It takes on the flavor of whatever you cook it with, so it isn’t hard to make the dish taste the same as if it had meat, and it is much more forgiving.

The trick is to get firm or extra firm tofu instead of medium or soft. Some people like super smooth tofu, but I find more people prefer the more solid versions.

An honorable mention also goes to nutritional yeast. It is often that ‘something extra’ missing from dishes that have a cheesy taste to them, and is a great option to add depth to dishes if you are concerned about MSG for some reason. I like to toss some on my popcorn to make it taste like white cheddar, but you can use it in any savory dish. It is also an excellent source of B12, which a majority of people are deficient in.