• #3 is not about making observations in general but about making a map of every tree. This is a common mistake of scientists, wanting to have a complete set of data on their topic. I myself have to remind myself of this as well when designing projects. But in reality you cannot make a map of every tree and even if you could, what’s it worth? You need abstractions to understand anything and models are just that. To design a good research study you need to balance how many observations are necessary vs how much effort they take.

        • It just isn’t feasible. But maybe this is my ecological background speaking. Because, sure, if I’d look at different branches of science, it might be doable and also useful. But if you look at ecology (and making a map of every tree is ecology) then this just isn’t useful enough for a task that is basically impossible to achieve. That’s why in ecological research there are some standard sampling methods, like plots, transects, etc. Within these, you could do a map of all the trees if necessary. But these will be only a fraction of the whole system you look at.