From the article:

In a controversial move, Australia will become the world’s first country to allow the drugs psilocybin and MDMA to be prescribed by doctors to treat psychiatric conditions including depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. But many scientists are concerned that research has not yet conclusively shown that these drugs are safe or effective. And some clinicians fear that the regulation that will govern access to the drugs is insufficient.

Australia’s drug regulator, the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA), which approved the move, says that the decision followed a nearly three-year process and included extensive consultation with experts.

Research over the past few decades1 has shown that some drugs that are illicit, but are often used recreationally, are effective in treating certain mental-health disorders when combined with psychotherapy. MDMA is widely known as the party drug ecstasy, and psilocybin is the active ingredient in hallucinogenic mushrooms. A phase II trial, published late last year2, showed that a 25 mg dose of psilocybin was twice as effective as a 1 mg dose in combating treatment-resistant depression, although significant side effects were noted. And a report on a phase III trial of MDMA described it as a “potential breakthrough treatment” for PTSD. The drugs have also shown potential in treating anxiety, anorexia and substance addiction.

Nations including the United States, Canada and Israel allow individual use of these drugs on compassionate grounds or in clinical trials, but on 1 July Australia will be the first to regulate the drugs as medications, to be prescribed by approved psychiatrists…

The TGA approval follows an application in March 2022 by Mind Medicine Australia, a non-profit group in Melbourne that advocates psychedelic therapy, for MDMA and psilocybin to be made available in therapeutic settings. In December 2021, the TGA had denied a 2020 application by the organization after a long consultation process involving an independent expert panel.