Not programming but the question reminded me of Aviation English. All pilots and air traffic controllers must learn how to speak “aviation english” in order to communicate. It’s essentially a few hundred English words and basic syntax all related to aviation. I’d say learning a programming language is kind of like learning Aviation English.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-English-based_programming_languages

Ideally, you need at least some basic understanding to use the vast majority of languages. The problem isn’t even writing the code itself, you can definitely just memorize the keywords and some basic concepts and have at it. If you ask me, the real issue is the availability, amount and overall quality of documentation and learning material if you go about it that way.

I have a few coworkers who skipped the learning English part and learned most everything from other non native speakers and they tend to be crippled by often not really being able to make use of official documentation or keep up with new things, since the vast majority of content out there is in English. It also has the unfortunate side effect of pushing them to stick with whatever it is they learned way back when and not really looking for better ways of getting things done.

So basically, you can pull it off without knowing English but it’s going to be suboptimal and/or painful IMO.

There’s always machine code, just writing numbers for the functions of the CPU. Or you have Esoteric programming languages like Brainfuck that doesn’t use any words at all, it’s just very simple instructions. There’s Piet, which is a pixel colour based programming language.

To be frank; no programming languages are based on English, they are all based on logic. They are most often expressed in English, but there’s really no reason one couldn’t have a translation layer for every programming language. But that would make it a lot harder to find the solution if you have some fairly niche problem. Having everything in one language is simply more efficient since it doesn’t fragment the questions and answers.

But a quick search gave me https://analyticsindiamag.com/6-popular-non-english-programming-languages/. The simple answer to your question thus is; No

No. The Soviets had one that was basically C but a decade early called Адрес (address). The higher-ups were skeptical of the concept of computers, though, so computing in the USSR languished anyway.

I think the Chinese have something going too. Mostly educated global people know some English anyway, though.

No, they exist but they are rather rare.

Here is an example of a programming language that is completely in Russian: https://ru.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Встроенный_язык_программирования_1С:Предприятие#Пример_программы

That said, English is the lingua franca of the field of computing. You aren’t forced to learn it, but without it, you’ll deny yourself access to the vast majority of material out there, be it books, articles, papers, documentation, specification, and so on.

If you’re from a non English speaking country, do you first have to learn English if you want to get into programming?

You don’t necessarily have to learn English well, but yes, everyone programs in English. Some people put variable and function names to be another language, but generally English kind of “won” as the universal language and trying to deviate from it is almost impossible.

You may find Qalb interesting. It’s an Arabic programming language made for research on the cultural biases of modern computer science.

My first contact with computers in school was with a dialect (?) of LOGO that used commands based on Spanish. GD (giraderecha) instead of RT (right) or AV (avanza) instead of FD (forward).

Well, in ex-USSR there is 1C which in syntax is a bit like Pascal with Russian instead of English.

Also plenty of other languages using Russian keywords, but for the purpose of your question - I think it’s safe to assume that anything relevant uses English.

You kind of learn some English along the way while programming. At the beginning, you just memorize the commands and most of them use rather basic words anyway. Everything you name (functions/variables) you could write in your native language. Also, autocompletion helps…

It’s more of a gag language, but there’s ChavaScript in Hebrew which is basically just translated JavaScript

Well, there are programming languages that are not based on English (like BQN) In reality though the vast majority of the documentation, books, online discussions etc. are in English so I’d say it is at least hugely beneficial to know English.

The French were working on an all French version of Cobol at one point, back when Cobol was still used.

You don’t have to learn English to code but it’s way easier.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-English-based_programming_languages