Just trying to help my sister avoid some of the mistakes I have made
Five is a little early for critical thinking to develop. I’m not sure what part of critical thinking you mean but I think it would definitely be in either stage 3 (ages 7-11) or 4 (ages 12+) of Piaget’s 4 Stages of Cognitive Development: https://www.verywellmind.com/piagets-stages-of-cognitive-development-2795457#toc-the-formal-operational-stage
There’s a lot that has been written on parenting and I’m no expert, but I would say for younger kids just keep them safe and healthy and playing and that’ll go a long way.
Natural consequences. When my 3 year old doesn’t want to put on her shoes then I say, “guess you’re going outside barefoot!” Then the gears inside her brain start turning and she wants to put her shoes on!
I wish that worked on my 3 year old. He’d be like “yep!” then go outside barefoot.
You need to let it sit for a SMALL amount of time. Enough where they will notice the uncomfortable feeling, but obviously don’t hurt your child. I’d reccomend doing outings like to the local park or something with the (secret) main aim to see if this works. (Please note I am ENTIRELY talking out of my ass here, this is just my thought on the topic)
Just ask her lots of questions for fun (you can find lots of lists of these around, used by teachers etc) “if animals could talk what would they say?” “What would you do if you could fly?” “If you could invent something to help your family, what would it be?”
You can also do this while watching TV/movies/playing games together, try and think of questions about the characters or world you’re watching, what and why they’re doing what they’re doing. Even if they’re very goofy questions, it’s still good for getting her to engage with whatever she’s watching.
Also read lots with her, libraries might even have sections set aside for kids books that deal with critical thinking or asking questions.
When they ask questions, and them to think about their own question and come up with a theory before giving them the answer.
One thing you can do to help in this situation is teach her that it’s safe to talk to you about things that don’t seem to be 'right". Make it a habit to wonder out loud together if things are being presented truthfully. Look things up on the internet together. Keep it age appropriate, but be someone who explains things to her well. I taught my children early to question if the things they heard at school were true and they’d ask me. Your parents will probably always be in the position to do that, but you can make an effort to be there, too. Then when she’s older if she starts to question things your parents told her, she’ll know you’re a safe person to talk to.
I’d also encourage challenging your edicts and rules. I’m not suggesting your child should be able to avoid them, but if you encourage them to ask why they’re being forced to do something and if you occasionally relent if they explain why it’s unreasonable, you encourage them to critically asses things. It’s very tough to be a my way or the highway parent and expect critical thinking.